Aiming at the problem of high-precision, high-speed and efficient temperature control caused by multi-point measurement and asymmetric heating condition of input and output, a new algorithm (IGRO-FuzzyN-PID) based on IGRO-PID and multi-layer fuzzy nested algorithm was proposed. Simulation results show that IGRO algorithm is superior to CPO (crested porcupine optimizer)、IPSO(improved particle swarm optimization)、COA(crayfish optimization algorithm)、GA(genetic algorithm) in PID control system. Simulation and experimental results show that compared with the IGRO-PID algorithm, the overshoot, steady-state error and average error of the IGRO-FuzzyN-PID algorithm are optimally increased by 70.91%, 70.69%, 82.35% and 86.89%, 76.23%, 86.56% under symmetric and asymmetric input and output conditions. It is proved that the proposed algorithm meets the control requirements of high precision, high speed and high efficiency under symmetric and asymmetric input and output conditions.

In order to solve the problem of difficulty in constructing forecasting models caused by the characteristics of power grid materials, such as many varieties, diverse specifications, huge quantities, wide range of uses, and great influence by policies and investments. Firstly, the factors affecting the quantity of material demand for infrastructure, business expansion, and emergency repair projects were screened by the Delphi method and gray correlation analysis (GRA). Secondly, an improved particle swarm algorithm that introduced adaptive inertia factor and learning factor was utilized to adjust the optimal parameter combinations of the extreme learning machine, and train the material demand prediction models for various distribution network projects. Finally, the results of the GRA-IPSO-ELM (grey relational analysis, improved particle swarm optimization, and extreme learning machines) model were compared with the results of four common forecasting models by taking the demand of 10 kV power cables of a power grid for 2020—2022 infrastructure projects as an example. The results show that the prediction accuracy of the GRA-IPSO-ELM model is improved by 10.38%, 5.37% and 3.83% compared with the ELM model, the support vector machine model and the PSO-ELM model, which shows that the model proposed in this paper realizes accurate and efficient prediction of the quantity of material demand in the distribution network.

In order to improve the accuracy of network traffic classification, a traffic classification method combining an attention mechanism and a convolutional neural network was proposed. An attention mechanism layer was designed and implemented on the basis of the convolutional neural network model, which received the output of the fully connected layer as input, calculated the weight of the input features, and multiplied it by the original features to strengthen the key features. This, in turn, helped to improve the model's ability to capture key information. Secondly, in order to solve the problem that the model was overfitting to the high-proportion category due to the unbalanced sample number of network traffic categories, and it was difficult to identify the small-proportion categories, a method to augment the dataset was proposed. Considering the perspective of hyperparameter combination optimization, a hyperparameter search strategy based on Bayesian optimization and five-fold cross-validation was proposed to optimize the hyperparameter combination of the model. The combination of hyperparameters of the model was determined by the above methods. The public dataset was used for the above experiments and model tests. The results show that compared with other methods, the overall accuracy, precision, and F₁ score are significantly improved, which verifies that the proposed method has better classification performance.

Traditional Chinese medicine is an important cultural and ecological resource in China. Relevant national or local regulations and standards set clear requirements for the packaging label design of traditional Chinese medicine, creating hard constraints that guide traditional Chinese medicine packaging design. creating hard constraints that guide traditional Chinese medicine packaging design. Under these circumstances, the packaging design information for traditional Chinese medicine was organized, a packaging box template that complies with these constraints was created, and a design environment with hard constraints was established. Using the packaging design of “Jiangzhong Jianwei Xiaoshi Tablets” as an example, the existing packaging box was studied as the research object. Eye-tracking technology was employed to capture eye movement data on all six faces of the packaging box and its unfolded view. Key indicators, such as fixation time and heat maps, were used to analyze image attention and the importance of drug information. The current packaging information layout was systematically evaluated, and directions for improvement were proposed. Finally, through design empowerment, the drug information and layout were re-matched and arranged, producing a packaging design plan that guides traditional Chinese medicine packaging design to achieve efficient optimization and innovation of visual information under standardized conditions.

In frastructure projects such as hydropower, harbours and transport are usually constructed by rockfill of aggregates from local materials, however, the shapes of rockfill of aggregates in different regions are quite different. In order to study the effect of aspect ratio on the K₀ consolidation characteristics of rockfill, firstly, 10 kinds of particle clusters with different aspect ratios were generated by the discrete element method, and then the same equivalent particle size was taken to generate the specimens with the same initial state in the same way, and then the K₀ consolidation test was carried out at last, and the effect of the aspect ratio of the particles on the K₀ consolidation characteristics of the heap stone materials and its micro-mechanisms were explored in detail. The results of the study show these as fouows At the macro level, the specimens with different aspect ratios of rockfill are divided by AR=0.5, when the AR is 0.5~1, the K₀ value of the specimens increases with the increase of aspect ratio, and when the AR is 0.2~0.5, the trend of the change of the K₀ value of the specimens with the increase of the aspect ratio is unknown. This suggests that the particles in the interval of aspect ratio 0.5~1 need to be focused on during engineering design. At the microscopic level, the smaller the particle aspect ratio (the longer the particles), the larger the coordination number, the smaller the average force between the particles, and the smaller the cumulative angle of rotation of the particles, which suggests that the contact between the particles of the specimens with smaller particle aspect ratios is closer, the contact force chain is more dispersed, and the particles are more resistant to rotation. This may be the reason for the differences in K₀ consolidation properties of rockfill with different aspect ratios. The research results can provide theoretical references for the evaluation of K₀ values in areas where there are particle shape differences, and provide a basis for selecting appropriate rockfill materials, ensuring the safety of the project.

The strength reduction method is an essential approach for calculating the slope safety factor, with its computation reliant on the criterion for slope instability during the process of strength reduction. Among the commonly employed criteria for slope instability, displacement mutation stands out; however, its determination remains relatively subjective at present. The maximum slope displacement was considered as a function of the strength reduction factor based on the strength reduction method. The standard deviations of the maximum slope displacements for different strength reduction factors were calculated. Consequently, a method for determining the slope safety factor within the strength reduction method, based on the standard deviations of the maximum slope displacements, was proposed. The method was validated through a typical case study and subsequently applied to a practical engineering project. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can objectively identify the occurrence of slope displacement mutation during the strength reduction process and effectively ascertain the slope safety factor. The proposed method is especially applicable for practical slope engineering projects requiring quantitative comparison of safety factors for different cases.

In order to study the effect of freeze-thaw cycle on the stability of lime-amended loess slope, the change rule of shear strength and soil-water characteristics of lime-amended loess under different numbers of freeze-thaw cycles was obtained by straight shear test and soil-water characteristics test, and the stability of high-fill loess slope was analysed by using the strength discount method with MIDAS GTS NX software. The results show that: the internal friction angle and cohesion of the soil samples both increase with the increase of the age of maintenance, and with the increase of the number of freeze-thaw cycles, the internal friction angle of the soil samples will first increase and then gradually tend to be stable, and the cohesion will first decrease and then gradually tend to be stable; the lime-amended loess has its matrix suction maximum at the lowest temperature of the first freeze-thaw cycle, and its matrix suction is minimum at the second freeze-thaw cycle, and after that the matrix suction of the soil body increased. Freezing and thawing cycles will cause the slope infiltration flow rate to increase; the trend of pore water pressure changes in the freezing and thawing slope model is the same as that of the unfrozen slope, and the pore water pressure is positive at the bottom of the slope model, and then decreases gradually near the top of the slope, and then reaches the minimum at the top of the slope. The freeze-thaw cycle will cause the strain of the slope to increase under rainfall conditions, which affects the safety and stability of the slope; the shallow freeze-thaw has little effect on the safety of high-fill improved loess slopes.

In order to study the influence of rock fragmentation on the bearing capacity of rock-socketed pile, a concrete rock-shear model considering rock fragmentation was established using statistical theory. The calculation results of the model were compared with the experimental results to verify the accuracy of the model. Using a concrete rock shear model considering rock fragmentation and the load transfer mechanism of rock-socketed pile, a load transfer equation of rock socketed pile considering rock fragmentation was established and solved using the Runge-Kutta method. The calculation results of the equation were compared with the results of on-site static load experiments, which verified the accuracy of the equation. The research results indicate that it is feasible to establish a mechanical model for rock fragmentation through statistical theory. The load transfer equation of rock socketed pile considering rock fragmentation is consistent with the results of on-site static load experiments, which can describe the yield deformation stage and strain softening stage of the pile-rock relative displacement-pile side friction curve. The parameter sensitivity research was conducted, and the influence of rock fragmentation on the concrete-rock shear mechanism and rock-socketed pile bearing mechanism was conducted in-depth analysis.

A mathematical model was established to address the multi-constraint, large-scale three-dimensional bin packing problem. A hybrid metaheuristic algorithm combining an improved whale algorithm with simulated annealing was proposed. The algorithm discretized the whale algorithm, including individual encoding and updating mechanisms, and utilized simulated annealing to overcome local optima traps. Moreover, a heuristic loading rule was designed for decoding and optimizing the packing solution. The algorithm was evaluated using standard packing instances from Bischoff and Ratcliff's OR-Library, as well as real-world cargo order data, covering a range of cargo types from weakly heterogeneous to strongly heterogeneous. The proposed algorithm achieved a balance between global and local search capabilities, resulting in high packing efficiency for various types of containers. Specifically, the average container filling rate were 92.24% for weakly heterogeneous cargo, 88.78% for strongly heterogeneous cargo, and an overall average of 91.29%. This result provides valuable insights and references for the study of three-dimensional bin packing problems.

In order to investigate the aging mechanism of high dosage rubber powder modified asphalt, with the help of 20%, 25% and 30% of three different dosages of rubber asphalt, using four-component analysis experiment and infrared spectroscopy experiment, evaluation of aging rubber asphalt four-component indexes change, and analyze the chemical composition and functional group changes before and after aging, through the comparative study, to reveal high dosage rubber powder modified asphalt aging mechanism under different aging conditions. The aging mechanism of high doped rubber powder modified asphalt under different aging conditions was revealed through comparative study. The results show that: the aging of high dosage rubber powder modified asphalt components more significant. 20% dosage, the saturation fraction, aromatic fraction and gum decreased by 4.4%, 3.4%, 4.3%, respectively, asphaltene increased by 117.7%; 25% dosage of rubber asphalt saturation fraction decreased by 5.0%, the aromatic fraction decreased by 8.4%, gum decreased by 4.9%, asphaltene increased by 119.3%, and 30% dosage, the decrease is greater, respectively, 7.4%, 9.5%, 6.0%, asphaltene increased to 128.9%; aging process, high dosage of rubber powder modified asphalt has less mass loss, the combination of light components of the asphalt and cracked rubber binding reduces the light component activity and enhances the resistance to aging; high dosage of modified asphalt in the aging conditions of carbonyl and sulfoxide group index growth is more significant, which may lead to a decline in the performance of the The compatibility of rubber and asphalt is more susceptible to aging, which is manifested by more intense vulcanization phenomena and changes in molecular chain cross-linking. The research results provide theoretical support for the aging mechanism of rubber asphalt, and for the practical application and maintenance of high dosage of rubber powder asphalt pavement, which is of great significance to improve the performance of rubber asphalt pavement.