In addressing the discrepancy of scientists’attitudes and behaviors regarding their participation in science popularization，existing studies have explored the social dimension that influences scientists’intentions. However，they have inadequately addressed the epistemic dimension. This paper focuses on three types of practices：AI + science games developed by scientists，“AI + science”summer lab，and the integration of scientific instrumentation and data for science popularization. These examples illustrate scientists’participation in the age of AI for science. These new patterns of science popularization enable the public to engage directly in scientific epistemic practices. Consequently，scientists actively address the diverse epistemic demands of the public. Such interactions benefit scientific research，collaborative engagement of scientists and the public in scientific practice，and provide opportunities for collaboration among scientists from different fields in science popularization. Furthermore，these practices facilitate the transfer of skills and enhance the public’s understanding of the complexities of science. Ultimately，these initiatives yield mutual epistemic and social benefits for both scientists and the public. This paper proposes it as an effective strategy for integrating epistemic and social approaches to enhance scientists’motivation to participate in science popularization，thereby fostering synergy between science popularization and technological innovation.

With the deep penetration and widespread application of artificial intelligence technology in the field of science communication，understanding the mechanisms by which its expression of uncertainty influences audience information processing and human-computer interaction behavior patterns has become a pressing theoretical and practical issue in science communication research. Based on this，this study selected genetically modified technology，a highly controversial and socially concerned scientific and technological issue，as the research object. We adopted a 2（uncertainty level：high vs. low）×4（simulated role: no role simulation vs. journalist vs. scientist vs. ordinary netizen）between-subjects experimental design. Through an independently developed AI dialogue platform based on large language models，we collected and analyzed self-reported and online interaction data from 547 Chinese participants to explore the complex mechanisms of uncertainty communication in human-computer interaction contexts. The research results reveal a phenomenon of significant theoretical importance：the high uncertainty expression driven by artificial intelligence has produced a significant dual effect on the audience. Specifically，at the cognitive evaluation level，highly uncertain statements significantly reduced the audience's trust in information content and information sources，and at the same time showed a clear negative bias in the risk-benefit perception dimension，that is，significantly enhanced the audience’s risk perception and correspondingly weakened their cognitive evaluation of the benefits of related technologies. However，at the human-computer interaction behavior level，the dialogue length and number of dialogue turns between the audience and the large language model under high uncertainty conditions both showed a significant increasing trend，reflecting a stronger information-seeking motivation and more active exploratory behavior tendencies compared to low uncertainty conditions. This finding indicates that uncertainty in human-computer interaction communication contexts simultaneously activates two relatively independent psychological processing processes: the cognitive evaluation path（leading to negative evaluation）and the behavioral regulation path（promoting active participation）. In addition，the role simulation of large language models had no significant effect on trust and risk/benefit perception，but had a significant effect on interaction behavior，indicating that the audience's evaluation of AI-generated content is more based on content characteristics than on role labels. The findings of this study not only enrich the applicability of uncertainty communication theory in the era of artificial intelligence，but also provide important theoretical guidance and practical insights for optimizing science communication strategies.

As a collaborative culture enabled by technology，open science is committed to promoting the open sharing of resources and knowledge throughout the entire research process. It accelerates scientific research and enhances public understanding of science. Open science is closely intertwined with the goals of science popularization，and offers new opportunities to transform the way that scientists engage in science popularization. Taking epistemic diversity as an analytical framework，this paper uses bibliographic coupling to map knowledge communities，combining data analysis techniques such as Python and case mining，compares the characteristics of scientists’popularization under traditional scientific research organization and in the wave of open science，and analyzes how epistemic diversity contributes to the science popularization. This study found that under a traditional scientific research organization，the main science popularization topics are climate and environment. Scientists conduct science popularization through social media，school education，and participation in policy-making. In the wave of open science，scientists leverage collaborative science research and science popularization projects，empowered by open platforms，to bring about multi-stakeholder participatory practices. The topics are expanded to multiple fields such as health，ecology，and geology. Scientists，the public，and enterprises integrate epistemic resources in collaborative science popularization，contribute their epistemic abilities，and gain epistemic benefits. This new approach can not only share the epistemic costs in scientists’popularization and promote scientific discoveries，but also promote scientists’ability and willingness.

Science popularization and scientific and technological innovation are the two wings for realizing innovative development. Given the country’s high attention to both in the context of national innovative development and the continuous advancement of innovation practices，the synergistic development of these two wings has gradually become a widely concerned topic. Policy guidance is an important guarantee for promoting the synergy between science popularization and scientific and technological innovation and serving innovative development. From the perspective of two-way empowerment，science popularization is the basic work for realizing innovative development，and it plays a promoting role in advancing scientific and technological innovation in aspects such as cultivating innovative culture and scientific thinking，and facilitating the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. As a strategic support for improving social productivity，scientific and technological innovation drives the advancement of science popularization to higher levels and broader domains through innovative concepts，achievements，and technologies，playing an indispensable role.

Under the revised Law of the People’s Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology，science popularization activities are defined as the actions that fulfill the functions of science popularization. Promoting such activities is one of the major revisions，with the guiding policy concept concentrated in the newly added chapter,“Science Popularization Activities”. On the macro-level，the strategy centers on deepening supply-side reform in science popularization，fostering synergy among government，school education，society and the market，embedding science popularization in the national“Five-Sphere Integrated Plan”，and proactively aligning science popularization with scientific and technological innovation，school education，social governance and national diplomacy. These measures aim to enhance both the quality and efficiency of science popularization activities. On the micro-level，the Law calls for further involvement of research institutes，universities，and enterprises in creating science popularization content，protection of intellectual property rights for science popularization outputs，and the establishment of science popularization enterprises，all intended to expand the supply of works，products and services. It also maps the priority directions for science popularization activities through disseminating and promoting new technologies and knowledge，strengthening science communication during emergencies，enriching various training programs with science popularization content，and expanding international exchanges and cooperation. Furthermore，the Law mandates monitoring and evaluation of misinformation，science popularization performance and citizens’scientific literacy，to help science popularization activities improve quality and efficiency and finanlly achieve benign and sustainable development. In the future，the implementation of the Law should be advanced via strengthening policy promotion and interpretation，clarifying the responsibilities among government departments，taking high-quality development as the lead，and giving full play to the role of the National Science Popularization Month platform，so as to effectively promote science popularization activities.

Grounded in ecosystem theory，this study constructs a science popularization ecosystem and deconstructs its key elements and structural relationships. Six key components were identified across four dimensions: supply-side，demand-side，environment-side，and presentation-side. Following six key components，a“4W2E”evaluation framework was developed with 29 measurement indicators across six dimensions: persons，contents，channels，audience，environment，and impact. Utilizing multi-source datasets，the science popularization development index was calculated for 31 provincial-level regions from 2012 to 2021 using a combined Analytic Hierarchy Process（AHP）and Entropy-Critic weighting method. The findings identify a phase-wise upward trend in nationwide science popularization development，with eastern regions demonstrating higher development levels than the central and western regions. Spatially，the development of science popularization shows a progressive expansion from east to west，accompanied by notable regional disparities. During the 2015—2018 period，science popularization development exhibited a marginal decline，primarily attributable to insufficient supply-side content provision. These findings provide empirically grounded policy recommendations for optimizing resource allocation and promoting quality-intensive science popularization public strategies.

The Outline of the Nationwide Scientific Literacy Action Plan（2021—2035）clearly states that it is necessary to implement the project of improving the capacity of grassroots science popularization services，thoroughly implement the grassroots science popularization action plan，and carry out the creation activities of national science popularization demonstration counties（cities，districts）. Taking the specific practice of Xiangda Community in Yuhu District，Xiangtan City，Hunan Province as a sample，this paper comprehensively analyzes the science popularization demonstration creation actions of this community from the perspective of the Actor-Network Theory，providing experience references for the construction of a wider range of science popularization demonstration communities. The study reveals that establishing a science popularization demonstration community depends on multi-subject collaboration. Thus，it is essential to link human agents like science and technology associations，communities and the public with non-human ones such as science venues，social media platforms and science policies，dig deep into hidden resources to build a cooperative network，and develop management mechanisms to maintain the network’s stability and balance，thereby enhancing the sustainable development capacity of community science popularization services.

Carbon neutrality science popularization is a critical component in facilitating ecological environmental construction and fostering a society-wide transition to low-carbon practices. This paper systematically analyzes the implementation status，challenges and optimization path of carbon neutrality science popularization in China. The research reveals that，despite gradual improvements in the policy framework，expanded coverage of science popularization bases，and increasing diversity of science communication resources，persistent issues remain. These include superficial public understanding，insufficient policy coordination，homogeneity of resource development and a shortage of professional talents. Based on the CAC（Cognitive-Affective-Conative）communication model，this study proposes reconstructing the cognitive framework around“carbon neutrality=ecological security+civilization advancement”，developing immersive science popularization scenarios and products centered on the logic of“carbon neutrality=emission reduction+carbon sink enhancement+ecological protection”，and establishing a closed-loop assessment mechanism based on“behavior-feedback-incentive”. Supported by a three-dimensional strategy encompassing policy coordination，technological empowerment，and talent cultivation. This approach promotes a paradigm shift in science popularization—from knowledge dissemination to internalization of ecological responsibility—thereby providing systematic strategies and implementation pathways for achieving carbon neutrality goals.

Taking the six versions of the Chinese textbooks for junior high schools published by People’s Education Press from 1978 to 2013 as a closed corpus，this research conducts a quasi-quantitative analysis on the compilation characteristics of science Popularization articles，and explores their evolutionary laws in dimensions such as quantity，unit themes，genre forms，illustration designs，sources of authors and creation times. The research shows that from 1978 to 2013，the selection and compilation of science popularization articles in Chinese textbooks for junior high schools presented a wavelike upward trajectory in terms of quantity changes，dynamically conforming to the national science and technology development strategies and the needs of educational reforms；the setting of unit themes reflects distinct characteristics of the times，scientific nature and inheritance；the illustration designs have developed from scratch，with continuous expansion and innovation in forms and contents，demonstrating the organic integration of scientific communication and visual narration；the selection and compilation of works by foreign authors have changed from being single to being diverse，showing the internationalization of the vision of textbook compilation and the extensive inclusiveness of the scientific spirit. In the future，the selection and compilation of science popularization articles should，based on closely following the pulse of the times，strengthen the collaboration among multiple disciplines，promote the integration and interweaving of the contents of disciplines such as physics，chemistry and biology，make overall arrangements for the overall layout of textbook contents，and construct a more three-dimensional educational system for the comprehensive improvement of scientific literacy.

The development of museum-school collaboration policy holds significant importance in advancing the national strategy of integrating education，science，and talent development. However，there is currently limited theoretical focus within academia on the policy evolution associated with museum-school collaboration. This study adopts a historical institutionalism perspective to examine the historical evolution of museum-school collaboration policies over the past two decades. It analyzes the logic of policy changes from structural，historical，and dynamic dimensions and proposes future outlooks and optimization strategies. The results reveal that the evolution of museum-school collaboration policy in China can be divided into four phases: the foundational phase under the backdrop of quality education reform，the exploratory phase of connection driven by the development of minors’ scientific literacy，the deepening and quality-enhancement phase under the transformation of educational approaches，and the systemic integration phase under the“double reduction”policy wave. The policy changes are influenced by macro contexts，path dependence，and critical historical junctures，as well as the interactions and dynamics among micro-level actors. Looking forward，it is essential to：（1）gain insights into deeper societal structures and establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism for policy changes；（2）consolidate positive path dependencies and develop a comprehensive advancement mechanism for policy clusters；and（3）reconcile the interests of diverse stakeholders and create a collaborative and synergistic mechanism for policy implementation.