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Outline
Global urbanization has intensified exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN), which has emerged as a public health concern due to its threats to human health. This paper reviews domestic and international studies over the past two decades, summarizing research progress on the health effects of nighttime light pollution from three perspectives: macro−level spatial associations, individual health effects, and underlying mechanisms. At the macro level, we focus on studies using nighttime light remote sensing data to assess the association between ALAN exposure and disease risk, as well as related methodologies. Findings reveal significant spatial heterogeneity in nighttime light exposure, with higher exposure levels in densely built−up urban areas, potentially increasing health risks. At the individual level, existing research concentrates on vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, adolescents, the elderly, and night−shift workers, who are more sensitive to nighttime light exposure. The risk for night−shift workers increases with length of service. Across different populations, a clear trend emerges: higher exposure levels are associated with greater health damage risk, with spectral composition, exposure timing, and exposure duration further influencing the magnitude of health effects. At the mechanistic level, ALAN can disrupt suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) function via the non−image−forming visual pathway, suppress melatonin secretion, and trigger metabolic disorders, mental health impairment, and increased tumor risk through pathways including immune−inflammatory imbalance, sleep disturbance, hypothalamic−pituitary−adrenal (HPA) axis stress response, and metabolic circadian desynchrony. Finally, the paper proposes constructing a multi−scale exposure assessment system that integrates multi−source data to elucidate mechanisms and thresholds, and to promote a shift in light pollution prevention and control toward coordinated management encompassing spectral optimization, temporal control, spatial zoning, and protection of sensitive populations.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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