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Outline
The migration of post−quantum cryptographic protocols is a core part of the overall transition to post−quantum cryptography. Its main task is to replace the key exchange, identity authentication, digital signature, and other basic cryptographic algorithms used in existing security protocols, such as TLS (transport layer security), IPsec (Internet protocol security), and SSH (secure shell), with post−quantum algorithms, while maintaining system stability and compatibility with deployed protocol versions. This paper investigates heterogeneous authenticated key exchange (AKE) in migration scenarios where only one communicating party has completed the transition to post−quantum cryptography. First, typical homogeneous and heterogeneous AKE constructions and classical authenticated key exchange mechanisms in mainstream security protocols are reviewed. Then, based on the TLS 1.3 mutual authentication framework, heterogeneous authentication combinations are implemented, in which classical RSA and SM2 signature authentication and post−quantum Dilithium signatures (SIG) and Kyber key encapsulation mechanisms (KEM) are used in different authentication directions. The certificate, key loading, handshake authentication, and key derivation processes are extended accordingly. Experiments on eight heterogeneous combinations show that heterogeneous AKE supports combined classical and post−quantum authentication without requiring both parties to upgrade simultaneously, providing a practical transition approach for gradual and agile protocol migration.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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