With the rapid development of the electric vehicle industry, higher requirements are imposed on the safety, energy density, and service life of power batteries. However, occasional thermal runaway incidents reveal limitations of traditional battery management systems in early fault warning and active protection. Intelligent battery technology therefore emerges as a promising solution. By integrating multi−source sensors, edge computing units, and intelligent algorithms, this technology enables a transition from passive protection to active safety management. This study focuses on thermal runaway in electric vehicles and systematically analyzes key technologies of intelligent batteries from three perspectives, including intrinsic material safety, manufacturing and sensing systems, and intelligent management strategies. The discussion covers the development of high energy density and high−safety materials, long−life material optimization, precision manufacturing processes, and intelligent sensing architectures. In addition, the critical functions of intelligent battery management systems in fault diagnosis, state prediction, and adaptive optimization are clarified. Future development of intelligent battery technology advances toward higher intelligence and enhanced sustainability, providing safe and efficient energy solutions for electric vehicles.