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With the accelerated process of global industrialization and the widespread use of chemicals, emerging contaminants (ECs), characterized by their great variety, complex environmental behavior, and potential ecological and health risks, have gradually become a critical issue requiring urgent attention in the field of environmental science. However, existing detection technologies still have limitations in terms of coverage, sensitivity, and risk characterization capacity, making it difficult to meet the practical demands for the identification and assessment of ECs. This paper aims to improve the capability for detecting ECs and elucidating their associated risks by systematically reviewing the recent advances and future trends in relevant detection technologies; in particular, it summarizes the latest breakthroughs in key techniques such as pretreatment of complex environmental samples, chromatographic separation, and mass spectrometric detection, reviews data analysis strategies combining targeted analysis, suspect screening, and non−target analysis, and discusses the application of sensor technologies in rapid detection; the important roles of bioeffect−based detection methods and effect−directed analysis in pollutant identification and risk assessment are elaborated, and a novel big−data−driven detection paradigm is also explored; on this basis, this study systematically analyzes the core challenges currently faced in the detection of ECs, focusing on key aspects such as the structural confirmation of unknown pollutants, effect attribution, exposure characterization, and risk assessment, with an emphasis on constructing a comprehensive evidence chain and supporting scientific decision−making; future trends in ECs detection technologies are prospected, particularly toward the integration of multiple techniques, intelligent development, and standardization, with a view to providing a theoretical basis and technical support for the monitoring and scientific management of ECs.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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