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Artificial intelligence has become a strategic commanding height in global technological competition, with China and the United States exhibiting significant differences in development pathways, institutional design, and technological innovation. This paper constructs a three−dimensional analytical framework of "policy, technology, and scientific research" to systematically compare the similarities and differences in AI development between China and the United States, and for the first time incorporates the token economy as a comparative dimension, revealing new forms of AI commercialization. The study draws on the latest policy texts, including China's Opinions on Deepening the Implementation of the "AI+" Initiative, the 15th Five−Year Plan, and the U.S. Winning the Race: America's Action Plan for Artificial Intelligence, combined with frontier model technological breakthroughs since 2025 and data from Stanford's 2026 AI Index Report. The findings indicate that China has formed a development model dominated by industrial implementation and scenario−driven feedback, with policies characterized by vertical, phased planning; whereas the United States has formed a development model led by breakthroughs in artificial general intelligence, with policies characterized by itemized, horizontal execution. In terms of scientific research output, the two countries exhibit a pattern where "China leads in quantity, while the United States leads in quality," while the gap in frontier model performance has significantly narrowed. On this basis, the paper proposes three systematic recommendations for improving China's AI governance system, namely, constructing executable policy mechanisms, establishing a multi−dimensional quantitative evaluation system, and improving mechanisms for incorporating technical experts into decision−making. It also advocates maintaining the strength of an "application−oriented" approach while strengthening forward−looking deployments in artificial general intelligence (AGI) and embodied intelligence, so as to form a dual−wheel driven development paradigm characterized by "application advantages+foundational breakthroughs".
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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