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Outline
Ultra−high temperature ceramic matrix composites (UHTCMCs) are core candidate materials for thermal protection systems of high−speed aircraft due to their excellent high−temperature stability, oxidation resistance, and ablation resistance. Meanwhile, the reactive melt infiltration (RMI) method has emerged as a key process for preparing UHTCMCs, attributed to its advantages of low cost, simplicity of operation, short preparation cycle, capability of forming complex components, and high material density. This paper systematically elucidates the fundamental principles and reaction kinetic mechanisms of the RMI process, and reviews the developmental trajectory of this process from single−component modification to multi−component composite systems. On this basis, the paper focuses on analyzing the intrinsic relationships between the microstructure, mechanical properties, and oxidation/ablation resistance of pure component (e.g., C/C−ZrC, C/C−SiC), binary (e.g., C/C−SiC−ZrC, C/C−ZrC−TiC, etc.), and multi−component (including high−entropy) UHTCMCs fabricated via RMI. The analysis indicates that pure component systems exhibit limited performance enhancement, binary systems achieve initial synergy through component complementarity, while multi−component systems demonstrate superior comprehensive mechanical properties and wide−temperature−range ablation resistance, attributed to solid solution strengthening, high−entropy lattice distortion, and the formation of dense, multi−phasic oxide protective scales during ablation. Finally, this paper identifies the key challenges currently facing RMI−fabricated UHTCMCs, including fiber damage due to high infiltration temperatures required for refractory elements, adverse effects of residual low−melting−point phases, and difficulties in the precise regulation of multi−component ceramic phases. Future development directions are also prospected, encompassing the establishment of a comprehensive RMI theoretical framework, optimization of low−temperature infiltration processes, and the fabrication of large−scale complex structural components.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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