Essential hypertension, as a common chronic cardiovascular syndrome, shares inherent similarities with rheumatic immune diseases in terms of its multi−system involvement and complex pathological mechanisms. Academician Tong Xiaolin's "State−Target Medicine" provides a precise paradigm for integrated Chinese and Western medicine, emphasizing "macro−level state regulation and micro−level target intervention". Professor Jiang Quan's theory of "Body−Viscera Combined Obstruction" profoundly reveals the patterns of disease transmission and mutual damage between the "body" external physical forms, meridians, and blood vessels and the "viscera" internal organ systems. This article introduces this theory into the prevention and treatment system of EH within the State−Target Medicine framework, systematically explaining its pathogenesis and new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. It is proposed that the core pathogenesis of EH lies in "meridian obstruction" as the form and "disharmony between the body and viscera" as the root. The key pathological factors involve abnormalities in the metabolism and distribution of qi, blood, water, and fire, forming core pathological states such as "congestion", "water", "stagnation", "cold", and "aging", which persist throughout the entire disease progression of "affecting qi and blood − affecting meridians − affecting viscera". In terms of treatment, the general principle of "harmonizing and balancing" is followed, with "simultaneous treatment of the body and viscera" as the guiding principle. At the macro level, the state is regulated by harmonizing qi and blood and dredging meridians; at the micro level, "target drugs" with proven antihypertensive and vascular function−improving effects are selected based on modern pharmacology. For example, for the "congestion state" characterized by gastrointestinal excess heat and turbid qi ascending, Houpu Sanwu Decoction is used to unblock the fu organs and dispel turbidity, combined with Cassia seed and hawthorn; for the "water state" characterized by internal retention of water−dampness, Danggui Shaoyao Powder is used to strengthen the spleen and promote diuresis, combined with Poria and Leonurus; for the "stagnation state" characterized by liver qi stagnation and transformed fire flaming upward, Sini Powder is used to disperse and relieve stagnation, combined with Prunella and Uncaria; for the "cold state" characterized by cold congealing in the meridians and contraction and spasm, Gegen Decoction is used to dispel cold and unblock collaterals, combined with Pueraria and cinnamon twigs; for the "aging state" characterized by kidney essence deficiency and meridian hardening, Duhuo Jisheng Decoction is used to tonify and unblock collaterals, combined with Eucommia and Achyranthes. By constructing a state−target differentiation and treatment system for EH based on the "Body−Viscera Combined Obstruction" theory, this article provides a theoretical basis and practical path for enhancing the systematic and precise prevention and treatment of hypertension with traditional Chinese medicine.