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The Containerless Materials Rack (CMR) aboard the China Space Station (CSS), in operation since 2021, is currently one of the most advanced in−orbit materials science platforms internationally. This article reviews its technological innovations, operational architecture, and key scientific achievements. Technically, CMR couples a semiconductor laser (LD) and a CO2 laser, with electrostatic position control precision of ±0.1 mm, vacuum better than 10−4 Pa, and the apparatus can deliver a pressurized environment up to 3 standard atmospheres, and a sample cartridge accommodating 29 specimens, supporting a wide range of materials including conductive metals as well as non−conductive oxides, glasses, and semiconductors. CMR has conducted 22 experimental projects and completed in−orbit experiments on 1005 samples, with a maximum on−orbit melt temperature above 3100℃. In refractory alloys, metallic functional materials, bioactive glasses, and planetary−science analogues, the platform has enabled accurate measurements of thermophysical properties (density, viscosity, surface tension) of alloy melts under deep undercooling, and has uncovered microgravity−specific solidification mechanisms including surface wave−vortex coupled microstructures, decoupled eutectic growth, liquid–liquid phase separation, monotectic phase selection, and oriented single−crystal growth. Homogeneous bioactive Ca−Ti−Si glasses for bone repair were produced, and the first containerless solidification of chondrules and calcium−aluminum−rich inclusions (CAI) was achieved, revealing that silicon−diffusion−limited kinetics dominate nebular mineral evolution under microgravity. These results demonstrate that CMR has elevated China's space materials science to or beyond the international state of the art, providing a solid scientific and technological foundation for new−materials development, terrestrial process optimization, and in−situ resource utilization (ISRU) in future deep−space missions.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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