Provincial laboratories are an important component of China's laboratory system. It is of great significance to utilize local fiscal funds to support the construction of provincial laboratories and achieve regional scientific and technological strategic goals. Based on field research and statistical data, this paper sorts out the achievements of provincial laboratory construction in China, summarizes the problems existing in the fiscal support for the construction of provincial laboratories, including scattered fiscal investment, biased investment direction, rigid fund usage mechanism, and failure to form a multi−party co−construction investment approach. In the future, measures such as streamlining and integrating provincial laboratories, improving diversified investment mechanisms, breaking through institutional and mechanism obstacles, and establishing an orderly fiscal exit mechanism can be taken to further promote the construction of high−level provincial laboratories.