Microgravity environment eliminates the influence of buoyancy−driven convection, revealing the intrinsic characteristics and underlying mechanisms of combustion phenomena. Since the mid−20th century, when the microgravity droplet combustion model was first proposed, NASA leveraging drop tower experimental facilities, Space Shuttle experiments, and international collaboration has driven transformative advancements in fundamental combustion science through droplet, gas, and solid combustion experiments aboard the International Space Station (ISS). For instance, ISS experiments first observed droplet cool flames, confirming the sustainability of low−temperature oxidation pathways. Studies on the transition mechanisms of laminar jet flames to turbulence and the formation mechanisms of soot shells have provided new perspectives for optimizing terrestrial combustion technologies. Additionally, data on flame extinction limits and material flammability tests from the ISS have necessitated fundamental revisions to spacecraft fire safety standards. The Combustion Science Rack aboard the Chinese Space Station (operational since 2022) has planned experiments in areas such as near−limit and fundamental combustion research, material ignition properties and fire protection under microgravity, and important mechanisms of combustion applications. However, gaps remain in validating fundamental theories, diversifying experimental equipment, and deepening international collaboration. Moving forward, China must integrate drop tower experiments, space−based platforms, and interdisciplinary research to further embrace cutting−edge microgravity combustion challenges, supporting both spacecraft fire safety and energy innovation on Earth.

space station  /  microgravity combustion  /  droplet burning  /  flame dynamics  /  manned spacecraft fire safety