Electrochemical oxidation technology is widely used in wastewater treatment for its economical, environmentally friendly and efficient advantages. In the field of electrochemical oxidation technology, Ti/PbO₂ electrode has become an important electrode material due to its inert substrate, easy preparation, low cost and excellent electrocatalytic performance. Ti/PbO₂ electrode realizes high−performance degradation of organic pollutants through direct electron transfer and indirect generation of active radicals such as·OH on the surface of PbO₂ active layer. However, the conventional Ti/PbO₂ electrode suffers from low current efficiency, small specific surface area, weak electrocatalytic ability and short lifetime in practical applications. Therefore, researchers have been working on the modification of Ti/PbO₂ electrodes to produce new Ti/PbO₂ electrodes with high electrocatalytic activity, long life−time and wide range of applications. From the perspective of developing the Ti/PbO₂ electrode, this paper presents three significant recent research findings: surface etching, modification and shape control of the Ti substrate; modification of the intermediate layer; and construction and doping modification of the PbO₂ active layer on the surface. The respective aims of these studies are to enhance interfacial bonding through substrate modification, improve conductivity and stability by introducing novel intermediate layers, and optimise catalytic performance through doping modification of the active layer. Based on a systematic review of these achievements, we have summarized and proposed effective strategies to enhance the comprehensive electrochemical performance of Ti/PbO₂ electrodes from the perspective of synergistically improving electrode structural stability and catalytic activity. Firstly, substrate etching parameters and geometric design should be optimised to create a rough yet uniform surface structure, thereby strengthening the bond between the substrate and the intermediate layer. Secondly, intermediate layer materials with excellent compatibility should be screened for to suppress interfacial reactions and the formation of oxide films, thereby improving charge transport efficiency. Thirdly, the crystal structure of the active layer should be precisely controlled and rationally doped with metallic or non-metallic elements to achieve simultaneous improvements in catalytic activity and stability. Finally, the development trend of Ti/PbO₂ electrode is proposed. It is expected that key breakthroughs will be made in the modification of electrode materials and structural optimization in the future to further improve their electrochemical performance and stability, at the same time, it actively expands the scope of its large−scale application in complex systems and accelerates its industrialization process.