In the complex and turbulent international situation, the Chinese government attaches great importance to food security, steadily grasps grain production and supply, and continues to improve grain production capacity. Based on the theoretical logic of grain production capacity improvement, this paper clarifies the key role of technological progress in the future grain yield increase, and finds that China's grain production capacity improvement is limited by resources and environment. The non-parametric DEA method is adopted to decompose the total factor productivity (TFP) and to measure and calculate the technological progress bias which verifies the non-neutral technological progress of grain production and increasingly more obvious effect of biased technological progress in grain production in various regions. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the adaptability of regional factor endowments to technological progress to fully release the potential of grain production. At the same time, adhering to the guidance of scientific and technological innovation and implementing the strategy of“innovative application of agricultural technology to increase farmland productivity”across the board, the ability of agricultural science and technology innovation will be strengthened. In addition, with increased investment in biological breeding as well as in research and development of agricultural machinery and equipment, breakthroughs will be achieved in key technologies to fully stimulate the endogenous dynamics of biased technological progress in improving grain production capacity.

technological progress bias  /  capacity improvement  /  food security