Improper application of nitrogen fertilizers may lead to excessive emissions of soil nitrogen gases (N_r,including N₂O,HONO,NOx,NH₃,etc.),which may seriously threaten the ecological environment and human health.Emission of N_r from soil involves a variety of biotic and abiotic processes,which have complex mutual interactions.Soil physical and chemical properties,fertilization factors,climate,etc.will all affect the production and emission of soil N_r to a certain extent.This paper summarizes the current research status of soil N_r emission processes,regulatory factors,and soil N_r emission flux estimation.We further argue that future research should adopt a variety of methods,such as the combination of macro and micro studies,multi-disciplinary cross studies,combination of GIS technology and mechanic modelling,metagenomics sequencing,remote sensing observation and other techniques,and so on.More work should focus on in-depth exploration of key mechanisms,driving factors and spatial patterns of soil N_r emissions,as well as the response of soil N_r emissions to global change and carbon neutrality,and improving estimation models of soil N_r emission.This review provides a scientific basis and guidance for effectively controlling and reducing atmospheric N_r pollution,improving air quality and optimizing nitrogen fertilizer utilization.

soil reactive nitrogen  /  nitrogen cycling  /  land-air interaction