Earth data science is combination of earth science and data science, and is a frontier cross field of earth science research and a paradigm shift of data-driven scientific discovery. This paper reviews the progress of big earth data research in 2020 from the aspects of earth data science program, scientific data governance, and earth science data sharing. It focuses on the Deep-Time Digital Earth Science Program, Big Earth Data Science Engineering Project and achievements in global data aggregation, authentication, repository, policies, standards, and identification, as well as practices of the earth science data centers, databases, data models, data integration, and data publishing. The paper also points out that it is still an urgent need to pay full attention to the rules of scientific data governance, promote the development of earth science big data programme, strengthen the establishment of earth science data ecology, and improve all aspects of cooperation in the field of earth science data.

earth science  /  data science  /  data sharing  /  data governance  /  big data