Human resources are the resource of the first importance and the focus of science and technology powerhouses. The R&D personnel are the core of science and technology human resources. This paper makes a comparative analysis of the inputoutput characteristics of the R&D personnel in China and major science and technology powerhouses from the following perspectives, the scale and the structure, the resource allocation, the research and technology output efficiency of the R&D personnel, and proposes some policies for the cultivation and the use of science and technology human resources in China, such as expanding the talent team of R&D personnel, adjusting the structure of R&D personnel, optimizing the allocation of R&D resource and improving the efficiency of R&D output.

R&D personnel  /  resource allocation  /  output efficiency  /  science and technology powerhouse