China is entering a critical period of innovative development transition and the economy is moving towards highquality development. There is an urgent need to strengthen the transformation and construction of national innovation system and to build a new idea of governance. This paper intends to focus on the analysis of some main problems concerning transformation and construction of national innovation system, and to explore the overall governance thinking from the following aspects: government guiding role, market decisive role in allocating resources, and scientific community autonomous role. Finally, policy recommendations are proposed focusing on strengthening basic research, attaching importance to application demonstration, stimulating institutional innovation and improving the level of openness.

national innovation system  /  transformation and construction  /  governance idea