Due to their unique optical, magnetic, electrical, and thermal properties, nanomaterials can be utilized to generate different types of detection signals, amplify the intensity of detection signal, and simplify diagnostic procedure, indicating their great potential in the development of various nanomaterials based in vitro diagnostic technologies. In this review, we first introduce unique properties of typical nanomaterials of quantum dots, gold nanoparticles and iron oxide nanoparticles commonly used in in vitro diagnostic applications, and then discuss the current advances of diagnostic systems by utilizing their optical, magnetic, electrical, and thermal properties for the detection of nucleic acids, proteins, small molecules, bacteria and viruses. Finally, we summarize the challenges of large-scale synthesis and surface modification of the nanoparticles, automatic detection and clinical evaluation. We hope this review will help drive the development of nanomaterials based in vitro diagnostic technology and its related fields.

nanomaterials  /  optical, magnetic, electrical and thermal properties  /  in vitro diagnostic technology