The agricultural resource and environment is the material basis to guarantee food supply. Since the reform and opening up, China's agricultural production has increased rapidly with the development of land contract system and market economy. Agricultural production scale and product diversification have reached unprecedented levels. However, the rapid development of agricultural production has paid a great resource and environmental cost. This paper mainly analyzes the agricultural resource and environment problems at a regional scale. Firstly, due to the area increase of the dry land turning into paddy field in the northeast China, the water irrigation has caused the water table to decrease continuously as well as the negative ecological impact. Secondly, because of large amount of input such as water resources and fertilizer in the agricultural production of the north China plain the groundwater level declines and water environment pollution occurrs. Thirdly, in the context of the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, the soil acidification and heavy metal pollution in the south China are prominent in recent years, which has impacted food safety. Fourthly, the relationship between ecological barrier maintenance and grain production in arid and semi-arid regions of northwest China is discussed. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to strengthen the sustainable utilization of agricultural resources and environment.

agricultural resources  /  ecological environment  /  regional differentiation