This paper reviews the technological progresss and the regulatory acceptance of alternative methods, including the development of the concept of alternative to the animal test, which can be divided into three phases as the starting accumulation, the regulation acceptance and the accelerated development.. The focus is on the theories of the Toxicity Testing in the Twenty-First Century (TT21C), the Adverse Outcome Pathway(AOP) and the integrated testing strategy, The new technologies include the reconstructed tissues and the multiorgans-on-chip, the stem cells, the " omics-"technology, and the non-testing approaches, and the high throughput and the high content screening are integrated into the alternative methods, with obvious interdisciplinary features. The standardized alternative methods and the personalized in vitro methods are applied in the assessment of health related products of chemicals,cosmetics,medicals and other biological products. It is concluded that the technology of the alternative to the animal testing is not only an important part of lab animal science, but also an innovative tool for scientific progress and with the prospect of industrialization.

animal testing  /  alternative to animal testing  /  laboratory animal