Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder following Alzheimer's disease. As the world's population aging grows at an unprecedented rate, so does the population with Parkinson's disease. Cognitive impairment and other nonmotor symptoms have become a major factor in decline of quality of life in Parkinson's patients. However, the biological mechanisms responsible for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease have not been identified with certainty. Cognitive impairment is common in Parkinson's patients but often not recognized in clinical practice. Efficacious therapies have to be developed for treating cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. This article is to review recent advances in neuroscience and medicine, from the neurochemical basis, genetic risk, and impact of other non-motor symptoms to biomarkers of Parkinson's cognitive impairment.

Parkinson's disease  /  cognitive impairment  /  neurochemistry  /  gene  /  non-motor symptoms  /  biomarker