According to the National Institutes of Health(NIH), the precision medicine is defined as an emerging approach for disease treatment and prevention, with considerations of the variance in genes, environment, and lifestyle for an individual patient. In recent years, new developments in the basic researches, the neuroimaging, the surgery, the neurologic disorders, especially, the neuro-oncology studies, have shed light on the future of the neurosurgery. With the continuous progress of the cancer genomics, the targeted therapy, the stereotactic radiosurgery and the proton therapy, the tumors can be treated precisely, while an increasing number of therapeutic methods can also be found for the non-neoplastic neurologic disorders. This paper reviews the latest techniques and advances of the anatomical structure, the functional localization, the surgery, the diagnosis and treatment of the neoplastic and non-neoplastic disorders of the brain, demonstrating that the neurosurgery has entered a precision era.

precision medicine  /  neurosurgery  /  imaging  /  surgery  /  neuro-oncology