To understand the genetic characteristics of Uyghur, 300 Uyghur that were born before 1955 were collected from 10 Uyghur residence locations for generations, and 30 SNP loci were employed for genetics research. Bayesian analysis was applied for their genetic structure by STRUCTURE 2.1. The results show that it was reasonable to divide the Uyghurs in Xinjiang into seven groups. UPGMA method was used for phylogenetic research by MEGA 5 based on the Fst date form between different regions in Xinjiang. Both results show that each population from 10 locations was different except those from Urumqi and Ili, Turpan and Attash, and Hami and Kashgar. In other words, almost every population of the Uyghurs in Xinjiang was independent from the genetic view, and this phenomenon may be explained by the historical effect of the silk road and geographic factors.

SNP  /  Uyghur  /  genetic characteristics