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Infrasound Monitoring has now emerged as a significant disaster monitoring technique. It enables the monitoring and assessment of natural disasters over extensive geographical areas using a sparse network of infrasound monitoring stations. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of infrasound monitoring technology, encompassing the physical characteristics of infrasound propagation in the atmosphere, the hardware architecture of infrasound monitoring stations, and algorithms for infrasound event detection. It elaborates in detail on the application of the infrasound method in monitoring natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and avalanches, specifically its roles in source localization, event type identification, and disaster damage assessment. Due to its long−range monitoring capability and the extended propagation distances of infrasound through the atmosphere, it is susceptible to azimuthal deviations caused by factors such as atmospheric winds. This susceptibility compromises the accuracy and robustness of monitoring results. To enhance the performance of infrasound monitoring, it is recommended to integrate infrasound data with complementary datasets (e.g., seismic data) and to leverage artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for the deep mining of correlations within multimodal data. Combining the physical principles governing infrasound atmospheric propagation with advanced signal processing methods will improve capabilities for determining source location, estimating energy release, and identifying event types. The infrasound monitoring method serves as a crucial, cost−efficient solution for large−scale natural disaster surveillance, enabling comprehensive analysis of diverse hazard types. With the advancement of artificial intelligence technology, infrasound monitoring is poised to enter a new stage of intelligent processing.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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