In 2025, astronomical research achieved systematic progress across multiple fields, significantly expanding our understanding of the multi−level structure of the universe through advanced observational facilities and in−depth data analysis. In Galactic studies, LAMOST combined with Gaia data has produced a high−precision three−dimensional dust extinction map of the Milky Way and revealed a "superbubble" structure with a diameter exceeding one kiloparsec within the Milky Way's Perseus Arm. FAST captured a rare "pulsar − helium star" binary system and first revealed a complex filamentary network dominated by turbulence within a very−high−velocity neutral hydrogen cloud. In solar system exploration, the analysis of lunar far−side samples returned by Chang'e−6 revealed the water−poor nature of the lunar mantle, its extremely depleted isotopic composition, and the possible impact direction of the South Pole–Aitken basin, providing critical evidence for the asymmetric evolution of the Moon. In cosmology, DESI survey data, combined with supernova observations, provided an observational indication at the~3σ level for a possible time evolution in the dark energy equation of state. In time−domain astronomy, EP successfully captured X−ray precursors from high−redshift gamma−ray bursts and discovered new types of weak−jet supernova transients. Additionally, Gaia completed its mission and retired, leaving a valuable legacy; Euclid and Rubin Observatory released their first data, ushering in a new era; humanity welcomed its third interstellar visitor and conducted stereoscopic observations; JWST directly imaged a young planet; and EHT revealed the evolution of the polarization structure of the M87* black hole. These accomplishments reaffirm the power of astronomy's integrated exploration paradigm, characterized by ground−space synergy, multi−wavelength coverage, and the integration of time−domain monitoring with static mapping. They also lay a more solid foundation for understanding the formation and evolution of systems ranging from planetary scales to the cosmic scale.