In the context of the United States' continuous use of technology export control, unilateral sanctions, 'long−arm jurisdiction' and other tools and means to curb the development of China's science and technology in an all−round way, this paper analyzes the main viewpoints and policy recommendations of the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) on optimizing export controls for critical and emerging technologies, which can not only provide a basis for studying the development trend of US technology export control, but also provide enlightenment for China to deal with all−round containment in the high−tech field. Through literature research and analysis, the main viewpoints and suggestions of CSIS on optimizing export controls for critical and emerging technologies are summarized. The US regards China as an important competitor, and export control includes multiple complementary policy tools such as entity list, country list, foreign direct product rules, and comprehensive control. It may ensure the competitive advantage of critical and emerging technologies, such as semiconductors, quantum technologies, biotechnology, and artificial intelligence by optimizing export control policies, modifying the BIS list, and establishing a multilateral export control system. Finally, it proposes to strengthen independent innovation, monitoring and early warning, and international cooperation to cope with the possible impact of U.S.critical and emerging technology export controls.