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Ocean carbon trading innovative mechanisms
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Nianzhi JIAO1, *, Yanli LEI2, *, Yan LI3, Ning ZHANG4
Science & Technology Review | 2025, 43(21) : 23 - 30
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Science & Technology Review | 2025, 43(21): 23-30
• Special to S & T Review •
Ocean carbon trading innovative mechanisms
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Nianzhi JIAO1, *, Yanli LEI2, *, Yan LI3, Ning ZHANG4
Affiliations
  • 1Innovative Research Center for Carbon Neutralization, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
  • 2Laboratory of Marine Biology and Systematic Evolution, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; International Standards Research Center for Ocean Negative Carbon Emissions (ONCE), Qingdao 266071, China
  • 3Department of International Cooperation, National Center for Climate Change Strategy and International Cooperation (NCSC), Beijing 100032, China
  • 4Weihai Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
Published: 2025-11-13 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.10.00015
Outline
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The ocean is Earth's largest dynamic carbon reservoir and a cornerstone of global climate governance. Building on the microbial carbon pump (MCP) theoretical framework, the ONCE (ocean negative carbon emissions) mega−science program was launched by UNESCO−IOC, followed by an ISO/TC8/WG15 standard platform established by the ISO, which have created a methodology chain of "science−technology−protocols−international standards". Following the logic of "carbon credit—trading mechanism—international governance", this paper briefs ocean carbon sequestration processes and their monitoring methods, examines how standardized methodologies enable credible ocean−based carbon credits and associated finance, and proposes a dual−engine model in which negative carbon emission technological innovation works in tandem with carbon−market leverage to drive green development. Practice in China would offer scalable solutions for the world's low−carbon economy and sustainable development.

ocean negative carbon emissions(ONCE)  /  microbial carbon pump (MCP)  /  carbon credit  /  carbon trading  /  international standards  /  global governance
Nianzhi JIAO, Yanli LEI, Yan LI, Ning ZHANG. Ocean carbon trading innovative mechanisms[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2025 , 43 (21) : 23 -30 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.10.00015
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doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.10.00015
  • Receive Date：2025-10-01
  • Online Date：2026-01-14
  • Published：2025-11-13
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History
  • Received：2025-10-01
  • Revised：2025-11-01
Funding
Affiliations
    1Innovative Research Center for Carbon Neutralization, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
    2Laboratory of Marine Biology and Systematic Evolution, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; International Standards Research Center for Ocean Negative Carbon Emissions (ONCE), Qingdao 266071, China
    3Department of International Cooperation, National Center for Climate Change Strategy and International Cooperation (NCSC), Beijing 100032, China
    4Weihai Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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