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As the world's largest steel producer, China's steel industry generates over 1.4 trillion cubic meters of by−product gas annually, which contains energy equivalent to 266 million tons of standard coal. However, currently, the by−product gas from China's steel industry is mainly used as fuel for combustion, remaining at a stage with high carbon emissions and low comprehensive utilization rate. In view of this, to promote the improvement of the utilization efficiency of by−product gas in China's steel industry, this paper elaborates on the composition, calorific value and other characteristics and availability of three core by−product gases: blast furnace gas, coke oven gas and converter gas. It also analyzes the current utilization status and limitations mainly based on fuel combustion, and explores the high−value utilization pathways under the steel−chemical integration and hydrogen metallurgy approaches, including pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and chemical absorption for purifying CO/CO2, as well as biological fermentation of converter gas and reforming of coke oven gas to produce methanol/ethanol and hydrogen energy. It focuses on the application advantages and practices of coke oven gas in Midrex and Energiron−ZR direct reduction ironmaking. Research shows that by−product gas can be transformed from a single fuel to a chemical raw material through technological upgrades, such as reducing emissions by 10%~20% through high−pressure injection of coke oven gas into blast furnaces, and the feasibility of Baowu's HyCROFTM hydrogen−rich carbon cycle blast furnace technology has been verified. Based on this, it is concluded that the core directions for efficient and low−carbon utilization are steel−chemical integration and synergy, hydrogen metallurgy coupling, and the integration of CCUS technology, which can drive the industry to shift from "carbon metallurgy" to "hydrogen metallurgy" and provide technical support for the green and low−carbon transformation of the steel industry.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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