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Research progress on nanogenerators and their biomedical applications
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Xiaoye LI1, Qiying LÜ1, Zheng WANG1, 2, Lin WANG1, 3, *
Science & Technology Review | 2025, 43(19) : 106 - 124
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Science & Technology Review | 2025, 43(19): 106-124
• Papers •
Research progress on nanogenerators and their biomedical applications
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Xiaoye LI1, Qiying LÜ1, Zheng WANG1, 2, Lin WANG1, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Research Center of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
  • 2. Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
  • 3. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
Published: 2025-10-13 doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.12.01941
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The sustainable operation of wearable /implantable medical devices is crucial for the next generation of personalized medicine. However, limited battery capacity is a critical challenge for most wearable /implantable medical electronics. The human body is rich in mechanical and chemical energy (such as respiration, exercise, blood circulation, oxidation and reduction of glucose, etc.), so it is considered a feasible method to obtain mechanical energy from the body to supply power for wearable /implantable medical electronics. A variety of new methods for developing in vivo energy harvesters have been proposed to power wearable /implantable medical electronics. Based on this background, we here focus on the recent research progress of energy harvesters based on piezoelectric or triboelectric effects, with an emphasis on the fabrication, materials design, energy output, durability, as well as their typical applications in biomedicine and evaluation criteria. Finally, according to the actual needs of wearable /implantable medical electronics, the prospects and challenges of nanogenerators are discussed.

nanogenerator  /  self−powered  /  wearable/implantable medical electronics  /  piezoelectric effect  /  triboelectric effect
Xiaoye LI, Qiying LÜ, Zheng WANG, Lin WANG. Research progress on nanogenerators and their biomedical applications[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2025 , 43 (19) : 106 -124 . DOI: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.12.01941
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Year 2025 volume 43 Issue 19
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Article Info
doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.12.01941
  • Receive Date：2023-12-17
  • Online Date：2025-12-18
  • Published：2025-10-13
Article Data
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History
  • Received：2023-12-17
  • Revised：2024-08-29
  • Accepted：2025-09-18
Funding
Affiliations
    1. Research Center of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
    2. Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
    3. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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