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Classical corrosion electrochemistry based on mixed potential theory has played an important role in advancing research on corrosion and protection. However, it is also essential to recognize the multi−reaction coupling, non−equilibrium, and irreversible nature of corrosion processes, which often leads to excessive simplifications in the Butler–Volmer and Nernst–Planck equations and a weakened focus on the individual electrode reactions that constitute corrosion. Starting from the fundamental corrosion equation, this work clarifies the connotation of corrosion electrochemistry and reviews the advantages and recent progress of four representative scanning probe techniques—scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET), localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (LEIS), and scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM)—in probing corrosion reaction kinetics, monitoring spatially distributed species, and mapping corrosion activity. High−resolution scanning probe methods have been shown to detect corrosion sites as small as a few nanometers and corrosion currents at the picoampere level, enabling in−situ monitoring of the spatial heterogeneity and kinetics of corrosion processes. When further combined with computational modeling, these techniques allow for quantitative comparative analysis of corrosion data. Finally, the paper summarizes and discusses future trends in modern corrosion electrochemistry, suggesting that further research should be rooted in the intrinsic nature of multi−reaction−coupled, non−equilibrium, irreversible corrosion processes, deeply integrating multi−scale characterization, and establishing a dialectical unity between macroscopic and microscopic perspectives.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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