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The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) is propelling scientific research toward the fifth paradigm, characterized by intelligence−driven inquiry, following the earlier paradigms of experiment, theory, computation, and data−driven science. This paper reviews the historical evolution of research paradigms, analyzes the logic of transformation from "human−centered" to "human–AI collaborative" research, discusses the development and current state of the large model era, and examines the applications of AI in research management, hypothesis generation, and academic writing and projects. The findings indicate that AI not only reshapes research processes and improves efficiency but also facilitates cross−disciplinary knowledge recombination and innovation, gradually forming an intelligent research ecosystem centered on large models and generative AI. At the same time, challenges such as hallucinations, poor interpretability, and ethical risks cannot be overlooked. Accordingly, this paper proposes building a trustworthy AI system for scientific research, advancing innovative models of human–AI collaboration, improving governance and policy frameworks, strengthening interdisciplinary integration, and enhancing mechanisms of research ethics and social responsibility, in order to ensure the sustainable development and orderly evolution of AI−driven research paradigms.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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