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This article focuses on the triggering process of an X1.0 class flare that occurred on May 8, which is the first event in a series of solar eruptions related to the massive geomagnetic storm event on May 10-11, 2024. Multi-wavelength observations show that the solar source region of this event is composed of two closely-related active regions, AR 13668 and AR 13664. There are four filaments in the core area of the activity, and the corresponding high-temperature observations exhibit four sets of bright corona loops, corresponding to one twisted magnetic flux rope and three weakly twisted sheared magnetic arcades in the nonlinear force-free field model. The complex triggering process of X1.0 class flares is analyzed, and it is found that they are associated with the eruption of two M-class flares and two hot channels. The eruption of the hot channel HC1 during the first M-class flare provides favorable conditions for the fast rise of the hot channel HC2 after its formation, which in turn propels the fast rise of HC1. Eventually, the two hot channels merge and successfully erupt, forming a halo coronal mass ejections. The joint analysis of multi-wavelength observations and nonlinear force-free field shows that the formation of the hot channel HC2 is caused by the tether-cutting magnetic reconnection of two sheared magnetic arcades triggered by the magnetic flux cancellation. This process occurs during the second M-class flare, and the fast rise of the hot channel HC2 subsequently triggers the onset of the X1.0 class flare. The study reveals the complex triggering process of the first X-class solar flare related to the massive geomagnetic storm in 2024 May, which involves coupling between multiple flares and hot channel eruptions, deepening our understanding of the triggering process of extreme space weather events in the source region.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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