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Post−disaster restoration and reconstruction after major disasters is an open and complex mega−system project. This paper attempts to interpret the historical development of post−disaster restoration and reconstruction in China from the system engineering perspective. First, we define major disaster events and provide classification and outline significant catastrophic events since 1949. Secondly, we use Hall's three−dimensional morphology and Wuli−Shili−Renli system approach to construct the system structure of post−disaster restoration and reconstruction from three dimensions: development stages, critical activities, and science and technology. Then, by examining the specific measures of post−disaster restoration and reconstruction in typical catastrophic events and their relationship with the evolution of human−environment interactions, the traditional, sustainable and intelligent patterns of post−disaster restoration and reconstruction systems are revealed. Finally, the historical experiences of China's post−disaster restoration and reconstruction are summarized in five aspects: institutional advantages and legal guarantees, cross−departmental coordination and information sharing, intelligent monitoring and precise needs assessment, infrastructure and cultural construction, and catastrophe relief and insurance.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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