In the context of global efforts to address climate change and China's determined march toward the twin goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, methane control and emission reduction have become key links in achieving sustainable development and climate targets. This paper analyzes the strategic layout for methane management and mitigation under these twin carbon objectives. To date, preliminary achievements have been made: A three-dimensional "air–space–ground" monitoring system enables precise localization of emission sources; upstream recovery rates in energy extraction have improved; source-control technologies for rice cultivation and livestock farming in agriculture have matured; and a methane-focused climate finance framework has injected fresh capital into reduction efforts. However, methane mitigation challenges remain severe. In the energy sector, methane leaks in traditional coal mining and fugitive emissions in oil and gas systems hinder the green transition; in agriculture, anaerobic processes in rice paddies and enteric fermentation and manure management in livestock farming lead to significant methane release; and in waste treatment, landfill disposal and anaerobic treatment of industrial wastewater generate large methane volumes. In response, this paper proposes a cross-sectoral collaboration that breaks down the boundaries among the energy, agriculture, and waste-treatment industries to build an integrated mitigation system. This approach balances energy security with the twin carbon goals by steadily steering the energy mix toward greener, lower-carbon sources while ensuring supply reliability. It also calls for leveraging educational, research, and talent advantages to establish national-level science and innovation platforms to tackle key technological challenges in methane control. Looking ahead, with sustained technological innovation, targeted policy optimization, and deep international cooperation, China is poised to overcome current methane-control obstacles, achieve substantial emission reductions, support its carbon-peak and neutrality goals, and contribute meaningfully to global climate governance.