Since the reform and opening-up, China's economic development has shifted from pursuing quantity and speed to quality and efficiency, while facing the challenges of ecological environment constraints and sustainable development. The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed the concept of "Beautiful China" construction, and clarified the phased goals through the "13th Five-Year Plan" and the reports of the 19th and 20th National Congresses. The construction of Beautiful China is centered on ecological protection and green development, and is committed to achieving harmonious coexistence between man and nature and building an ecological civilization country. Ecology, as a science that studies the relationship between organisms and the environment, is closely related to the construction of "Beautiful China". On the one hand, ecology provides theoretical support for the formulation and implementation of "Beautiful China" policies; on the other hand, the construction of "Beautiful China" provides opportunities for ecological theoretical innovation and practice, and promotes the integration of ecology and modern science and technology. Starting from the connotation of ecology in the construction of "Beautiful China", this article identifies the key ecological fields involved, the experience and results of implementation, and analyzes the needs of "Beautiful China" construction for ecology from the aspects of technical methods, theoretical support, evaluation decision-making and legal mechanisms. Finally, it points out the opportunities and inspirations for the future development of ecology in terms of concept expansion, theoretical breakthroughs, technological innovation, response to climate change and improvement of legal mechanisms. It provides valuable experience for global ecological governance, green economic transformation and improving human well-being.