The new round of 50-million-ton grain productivity enhancement program is an important initiative to safeguard the supply of grain and important agricultural products and to strengthen the foundation of food security in all aspects. This article reviews the current status of China's grain productivity and analyses the significance of the new round of 50-million-ton grain productivity enhancement program in China's agricultural development: the new round of 50-million-ton grain productivity enhancement program is an important support for guaranteeing food security, an important task for building an agricultural powerhouse, an inevitable requirement for promoting rural revitalization, and a powerful initiative to cope with external challenges. The article then summarizes the main features of the new round of 50-million-ton grain productivity enhancement program, put forward its logical shift from meeting subsistence needs to meet quality needs, from the pursuit of area production to the pursuit of capacity building, from the enhancement of elemental inputs to the connotative enhancement and from focusing on rations to the rations and feed grains, and comply with the development trend of China's agricultural development. This article puts forward a "1+N" strategic framework led by top-level design, with global policy planning and detailed action programs as the core, to be implemented through four key paths: first, cultivated land is cultivated to fix the foundation, enhance the comprehensive capacity of cultivated land, and lay a solid foundation for food production; second, technology is added to improve yields, promote efficiency of yields, and enhance production The third is the upgrading of agricultural machinery to reduce losses, accelerate the upgrading of agricultural machinery and equipment to reduce losses and waste in the production process; the fourth is the responsibility to promote the effectiveness of compaction, improve the assessment and supervision mechanism to ensure that the policy has been put in place and effective, so as to ensure that food production capacity is effectively enhanced, and to provide a strong guarantee for the stable development of China's grain production and national food security.