Carbon dioxide (CO₂) geological sequestration is an effective way to control carbon dioxide emission. The fine particle content affects the porosity and permeability of reservoir, thus affecting the efficiency and safety of carbon dioxide injection and sequestration. Based on the H2A sandstone reservoir in Xijiang 23-1 oilfield, the pore structure of sandstone with different fine particle content was analyzed by CT scanning. Stress sensitivity tests of sandstone with different fine particle content were carried out. Stress sensitivity coefficient, permeability damage rate and permeability curvature were used to evaluate the stress sensitivity of sandstone. The results showed that with the increase of fine particle content, the permeability stress sensitivity of sandstone became stronger. The pore structure and permeability stress sensitivity of sandstone were analyzed comprehensively. It was shown that pore volume distribution was the main factor affecting the stress sensitivity of sandstone. In other words, the higher the frequency of small pore, the stronger the permeability stress sensitivity. Finally, based on the double strain Hooke model, a prediction model of porosity and stress of sandstone was proposed to predict the pore evolution of sandstone during the increase of effective stress. Guidance was provided for reservoir porosity and permeability analysis in the process of carbon dioxide geological sequestration.