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Outline
Addressing the issues of premature aging and failure in water−based coatings on electric multiple units within the industrial atmospheric environments of northern coastal regions—specifically the limitations of traditional, single−factor accelerated testing in terms of evaluation accuracy and the lack of multi−factor coupled equivalent accelerated evaluation methods—this study utilizes the C4−grade (highly corrosive) polluted marine atmosphere of Qingdao as a representative scenario. Through environmental factor monitoring, key corrosive elements were identified; subsequently, based on the principles of total enthalpy equivalence and pollutant ion conversion, a coupled environmental spectrum accelerated test—integrating salt spray, humid heat, drying, and UV exposure—was designed. The study systematically evaluated coating properties such as thickness, gloss, color difference, adhesion, and electrochemical impedance. By integrating Pearson correlation analysis, a multi−indicator comprehensive index model for service life prediction was constructed to elucidate coating aging mechanisms and forecast service life. During the accelerated testing, the coatings exhibited distinct evolutionary trends characterized by a decline in gloss, a gradual degradation of adhesion, and a slow decrease in low−frequency impedance. The developed linear comprehensive index model demonstrated a relative prediction error of ≤10%, forecasting a service life of 10 to 13 years for the exterior air−drying coatings on EMUs operating in coastal regions. The equivalent accelerated evaluation methodology established in this study effectively balances both acceleration efficiency and correlation accuracy, thereby providing robust technical support for coating selection, process optimization, and full−lifecycle management of EMU coatings in coastal atmospheric environments.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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