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With the rapid growth of the global population and the challenges posed by climate change, rice breeding faces unprecedented pressures. This review explores the applications of both traditional and advanced breeding technologies in rice germplasm innovation, analyzing their respective strengths and limitations. Traditional breeding methods, such as mutagenesis, transgenic breeding, and hybrid breeding, have played a crucial role in expanding genetic diversity but are less efficient and struggle to meet the urgent demand for new rice varieties. In contrast, advanced technologies like molecular marker-assisted selection, gene editing, molecular design breeding, and doubled haploid breeding hold great potential for improving breeding efficiency and precision, though high costs and regulatory constraints remain major obstacles. This review suggests that a comprehensive approach combining various breeding techniques, strengthening genomic research, optimizing gene editing tools, and fostering international collaboration will accelerate the innovation and development of rice breeding. The conclusion emphasizes that integrating traditional and advanced technologies, especially through modern scientific tools, will significantly enhance rice breeding efficiency and provide stronger support for addressing global food security challenges.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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