Nitrogen is crucial to plant growth and development, as well as to increasing yield and quality, but excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer can also lead to waste of resources and environmental pollution. Therefore, gaining an in-depth understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms of plant nitrogen utilization is of great significance for improving crop nitrogen use efficiency. This article systematically summarizes the latest research progress in plant nitrogen sensing, uptake, transport, assimilation and signal regulation in recent years. It also introduces the application status of research results on nitrogen regulatory pathways in crop breeding. These studies will lay the foundation for breeding new high-yield, high-efficiency, and eco-friendly crop varieties, promoting the sustainable development of crop production. Additionally, the article discusses the urgent issues to be addressed in future research on nitrogen signaling pathways and their applications.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |