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Various hydrogen storage and transportation technologies emerging at the forefront of research and development, including solid-state metal hydrides, hydrogen-rich organic liquids, methanol-based hydrogen storage, and ammonia-based hydrogen storage, have distinct characteristics and are suited to different application scenarios. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the technical features, current development status, economic costs, and key technological challenges of these novel approaches. Additionally, it explores future development trends and offers a comprehensive assessment of their economic feasibility and potential applications. At present, solid-state hydrogen storage has been demonstrated through certain applications, but large-scale commercialization remains challenging due to high costs and high energy consumption. Organic liquid hydrogen storage offers operational convenience yet is limited by high dehydrogenation temperatures, slow hydrogen release rates, and reliance on precious metal catalysts. Meanwhile, green methanol and green ammonia-based hydrogen storage face challenges related to energy consumption, safety risks, and economic constraints. Given the unique advantage and limitation of each storage and transportation technology, it is crucial to conduct a comprehensive analysis considering factors such as hydrogen storage capacity, transportation distance, safety, carbon emissions, and specific application scenarios to determine the most suitable technological pathway and deployment strategy.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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