The global imperative of addressing climate change through clean energy transformation has profound implications for the global supply chain. Critical minerals are essential to achieving net-zero carbon emissions and advancing clean energy technologies In the context that Saudi Arabia's pursues economic diversification and realizes "Vision 2030", it tries to reduce reliance on its oil-based economy and revolves around the urgent need to secure the supply of critical minerals and expedite the development of the clean energy sector. Currently, China's "Belt and Road" initiative closely aligns with Saudi Arabia's "2030 Vision". Collaborative efforts in the realm of clean energy between the two nations offer substantial opportunities for resource complementarity, technical expertise exchanges, and access to broader industrial markets. This paper systematically examines and analyzes the foundation and potential for the collaboration between China and Saudi Arabia in the field of clean energy across various dimensions, including politics, society, and the supply chain. Collaborative recommendations from the perspective of mutual interests are put forward to facilitate Saudi Arabia's transition in energy and the realization of its "2030 Vision". Simultaneously, the paper further unleashes the potential for resource sharing, technological innovation, and market expansion between the two parties. This endeavor seeks to advance the establishment of partnerships between China and the surrounding regions of Saudi Arabia and foster a new paradigm for China's international cooperation and development along the "Belt and Road".