Ultrafast science employs ultrafast light sources and ultrafast measurement as the main approaches to understand, apply and control macroscopic matter through the measurement and manipulation of ultrafast kinetic processes of microscopic particles. As one of the most important frontiers in international science and technology, the development of ultrafast science will provide an important impetus for original innovation in numerous disciplines. Its breakthroughs will help to address many important issues related to the vital national needs and public health. This paper focuses on the research of ultrafast laser technology, ultrafast measurement technology and ultrafast dynamics in ultrafast science, mainly introducing their development status, frontier application and future prospect. In-depth analysis of the problems facing the development of ultrafast science in China is provided, and specific recommendations are proposed to promote its development, including strengthening top-level design, promoting industrialization, improving the evaluation mechanism for talent cultivation, supporting major scientific and technological infrastructures, and participating in international big science programs.

ultrafast laser technology  /  ultrafast measurement technology  /  ultrafast dynamics  /  ultrafast applications  /  large scientific installations