The imperfect supervision system has been one of the reasons for the severe problems of agricultural and rural ecological environment. To modernize the agricultural and rural ecological environment supervision system is of great significance for China's ecological civilization construction. According to the focuses of agricultural and rural ecological environment supervision, the paper systematically sorts out the division responsibilities, historical evolution, supervision content, existing problems of its monitoring system, and law enforcement system. Based on this, a modern framework of agricultural and rural ecological environment supervision system is proposed, which includes monitoring system, management system, law enforcement system, supervision system, and self-governance system of villagers. The main construction tasks promoting the modernization of the regulatory system involve the following aspects:determining the boundary of management rights and responsibilities and improving the management system, delimiting the division of monitoring work and building a monitoring network, building a comprehensive law enforcement agency and grid system, supervising the performance of enterprises and government duties, strengthening autonomy, and establishing internal constraints of villagers.

agricultural environment  /  rural environment  /  environmental monitoring  /  environmental law enforcement  /  modernization of supervision system