This paper reviews the backgrounds of the formulation of the first comprehensive long-term plan for scientific and technological development in China, namely, the 12-year plan for scientific and technological development, including the formulation and the implementation of the plan. The plan was formulated and implemented under the leadership of Zhou Enlai, Chen Yi, Li Fuchun, Nie Rongzhen and other senior leaders of the CPC Central Committee. It was the crystallization of the scientific and technological cooperation between China and the Soviet Union. Its formulation work was completed in two stages., with the participation ofhundreds of scientists and nearly 100 Soviet experts. Members of the Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences were the backbone. The plan put the priority in the main tasks and proceeded with determination, as the policy of scientific development in China, and it was closely related with the needs of the national industry, agriculture, defense, and medical and health constructions. Its implementation had achieved remarkable results, effectively promoted the development of new China's science and technology and atomic energy, laid a solid foundation for new China's industrial and agricultural production and national defense construction. The plan set a good example for China's government to organize scientists to plan the science and technology. It was a historical monument for the Communist Party of China to govern China's science and technology.

planned science  /  plan for science and technology  /  Chinese Academy of Sciences  /  Planning Commission of Science  /  learning from Soviet Union