The seafloor hydrothermal system plays an important role in exchanging both thermal energy and chemical components between the ocean and earth crust. The hydrothermal system in a temperature stratified background is simulated using an axisymmetric model, and the influences of spout temperature, spout radius, spout flow velocity are discussed. The results show that the temperature decreases because the plume continues to entrain fluid, the plume overshoots to the maximum plume rise height in the stratified environment eventually. Over time, a laterally spreading intrusion develops above the plume and the plume's transport range at the bottom still remains unchanged. The spout temperature and spout radius have positive correlations with the rise height and lateral range of the hydrothermal plume.

hydrothermal plume  /  species transport  /  lateral range  /  numerical simulation