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Development of the artificial intelligence literacy readiness scale for ICU nurses based on the onion model and its reliability and validity test
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Yanhong HUI1, Juan YANG2, Xinqi ZHANG1, Yu WU1, Guodong XU1
Chinese Nursing Research | 2026, 40(10) : 1617 - 1625
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Chinese Nursing Research | 2026, 40(10): 1617-1625
• Original Articles •
Development of the artificial intelligence literacy readiness scale for ICU nurses based on the onion model and its reliability and validity test
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Yanhong HUI1, Juan YANG2, Xinqi ZHANG1, Yu WU1, Guodong XU1
Affiliations
  • 1The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Shandong 250031 China
  • 2Weifang People's Hospital
Published: 2026-05-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.10.001
Outline
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Objective

To develop the artificial intelligence literacy readiness scale for ICU nurses based on the onion model and to test its reliability and validity.

Methods

Under the framework of the onion model,an initial draft of the artificial intelligence literacy readiness scale was formulated through literature review and semi-structured interviews.The initial draft was revised after two rounds of expert consultation and a small-scale pilot survey.A total of 498 ICU nurses from 15 tertiary grade A hospitals in Shandong province were selected as investigation research subjects by convenience sampling method from September to December 2024.The reliability and validity of the scale were tested.

Results

The final artificial intelligence literacy readiness scale for ICU nurses consisted of 34 items across five dimensions,namely artificial intelligence awareness,artificial intelligence knowledge,artificial intelligence competence,artificial intelligence thinking,and artificial intelligence ethics.The scale-level content validity index was 0.971,and the item-level content validity index ranged from 0.833 to 1.000.Exploratory factor analysis extracted five common factors,with cumulative variance contribution rate of 78.504%.Confirmatory factor analysis indicated good model fit.The overall Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.932.The split-half reliability was 0.912.The test-retest reliability was 0.908.

Conclusions

The artificial intelligence literacy readiness scale for ICU nurses developed based on the onion model demonstrates good reliability and validity.It can be used to assess the artificial intelligence literacy readiness level of ICU nurses.

ICU nurses  /  artificial intelligence literacy  /  readiness  /  scale  /  reliability  /  validity  /  onion model
惠艳红, 杨娟, 张新奇, 吴钰, 许国栋. 基于洋葱素质模型的ICU护士人工智能素养准备度量表的编制及信效度检验. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (10) : 1617 -1625 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.10.001
Yanhong HUI, Juan YANG, Xinqi ZHANG, Yu WU, Guodong XU. Development of the artificial intelligence literacy readiness scale for ICU nurses based on the onion model and its reliability and validity test[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (10) : 1617 -1625 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.10.001
Year 2026 volume 40 Issue 10
64
25
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Article Info
doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.10.001
  • Receive Date:2025-04-20
  • Online Date:2026-10-30
  • Published:2026-05-25
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History
  • Received:2025-04-20
  • Revised:2026-02-09
Affiliations
    1The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Shandong 250031 China
    2Weifang People's Hospital
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小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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