Full
Outline
To explore the trajectory of breast milk sodium ion concentration change in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and its relationship with delayed onset of lactogenesis.
Using the convenience sampling method,a total of 169 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus from two tertiary grade A hospitals in Guangdong province from August 2024 to April 2025 were selected as the research subjects.They were surveyed using a general information questionnaire.Breast milk sodium ion concentrations were measured at 24 hours,48 hours,and 72 hours after delivery.
The breast milk sodium ion concentrations of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus at 24 hours,48 hours,and 72 hours after delivery were (62.92±8.83) mmol/L,(42.58±9.72) mmol/L,and (27.17±12.95) mmol/L,respectively.Based on the trajectory model,two trajectories of breast milk sodium ion concentration changes were determined:the low sodium ion concentration-rapid decline group(69.8%) and the high sodium ion concentration-slow decline group(30.2%).The incidence of delayed lactation initiation in the low sodium ion concentration-rapid decline group was 13.6%,and that in the high sodium ion concentration-slow decline group was 76.5%.There was statistically significant difference in terms of the incidence of delayed onset of lactogenesis between the two groups(P<0.001).The high sodium ion concentration-slow decline group had a higher risk of delayed onset of lactogenesis as the reference group.
The changes in breast milk sodium ion concentration in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus are correlated with delayed onset of lactogenesis.The trajectory of breast milk sodium ion concentration changes could objectively predict the occurrence of delayed onset of lactogenesis.Clinical medical staff could use the changes in breast milk sodium ion concentration to predict the occurrence of delayed onset of lactogenesis.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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