Full
Outline
To translate The Psychological Emptiness Scale(PES),to test its reliability and validity,and to describe the emotional profiles of patients with dry eye disease.
The PES was translated using the Brislin translation model.A Chinese version of the PES was developed through cultural adaptation and a pilot survey.A total of 1 100 ophthalmic patients from our hospital were selected as study subjects from October 2024 to February 2025. The Chinese version of the PES was administered to investigate the patients.The reliability and validity of the scale were analyzed.The psychological characteristics of patients with dry eye disease were visualized.
The Chinese version of the PES consisted of 2 dimensions with a total of 19 items.The item-level content validity index ranged from 0.909 to 1.000.The average scale-level content validity index was 0.966.Exploratory factor analysis extracted two common factors,with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 61.242%.Confirmatory factor analysis indicated good model fit.The overall Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.901. The test-retest reliability was 0.965.Application of the scale for patients with dry eye disease showed that gender,age,average monthly income,education level,and occupation were influencing factors for the Chinese version of the PES scores(P<0.05).The Chinese version of the PES score was positively correlated with the Ocular Surface Disease Index Questionnaire score(r=0.236,P<0.05) and negatively correlated with the Questionnaire in Practice for Patients with Dry Eye Disease score(r=-0.214,P<0.05).Based on the proportions of dry eye disease severity,emptiness levels,and types of disease prevention and treatment behaviors,four visualized emotional profiles of dry eye patients were formed.
The Chinese version of the PES could be used as a tool to assess the psychological state of ophthalmic patients.The emotional profiles of patients with dry eye disease could provide a reference for their personalized management.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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